GitHub Cheat sheet

GitHub Cheat sheet:

    GitHub is an open-source, distributed version control system, allows collaboration very easy with the team members.

Download and install GitHub on Windows from the below URL:

https://desktop.github.com/

To install GitHub on the Linux environment run the below command.

$sudo apt-get install git -y

or 

$sudo yum install git -y

To verify the version of git installed run the below command.

$sudo git --version                    

In Git we have three stages - Modified, Staged, and Committed.

Below shown is the workflow cycle of Git:

SETUP & INIT:

Configure user information used across all local repositories.

Set your GitHub user name:

$ git config --global user.name “[firstname lastname]”

Set email address:

$ git config --global user.email “[valid-email]”

To initialize an existing directory as a Git repository.

$ git init

To retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL.

$ git clone [url] 

STAGE & SNAPSHOT:

Working with snapshots and the Git staging area.

To show modified files in the working directory, staged for your next commit and the status of the branch.

$ git status

To add a file to the staging area.

$ git add [file]

To unstage a file while retaining the changes in the working directory

$ git reset [file]

To show diff of what is changed but not staged

$ git diff

To show diff of what is staged but not yet committed

$ git diff --staged

To commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot

$ git commit -m "descriptive message"

BRANCH & MERGE:

Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes 

To list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch

$ git branch

To create a new branch at the current commit

$ git branch [branch-name]

To delete a branch from local workspace.

$ git branch -d [branch-name]

To switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory

$ git checkout

To merge the specified branch’s history into the current one

$ git merge [branch]

INSPECT & COMPARE:

Examining logs, diffs and object information

To show the commit history for the currently active branch

$ git log

To show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB

$ git log branchB branchA

To show the commits that changed file, even across renames 

$ git log --follow [file]

To show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB

$ git diff branchB branchA

To show any object in Git in human-readable format

$ git show [SHA]

TRACKING PATH CHANGES:

Versioning file removes and path changes

To delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit

$ git rm [file]

To change an existing file path and stage the move

$ git mv [existing-path] [new-path]

To show all commit logs with an indication of any paths that moved

$ git log --stat -M

SHARE & UPDATE: 

Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos

To add a git URL as an alias

$ git remote add [alias] [url]

To fetch down all the branches from a git remote.

$ git fetch [alias]

To merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date.

$ git merge [alias]/[branch]

To transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch.

$ git push [alias] [branch]

To fetch and merge any commits from the remote branch

$ git pull

REWRITE HISTORY:

Rewriting branches, updating commits, and clearing history.

To apply any commits of a current branch ahead of the specified one

$ git rebase [branch]

To clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit

$ git reset --hard [commit]

TEMPORARY COMMITS:

Temporarily store modified, tracked files in order to change branches.

To save modified and staged changes

$ git stash

To list stack-order of stashed file changes

$ git stash list

To write working from the top of stash stack

$ git stash pop

To discard the changes from the top of stash stack

$ git stash drop